Well-drafted business governance documents include buy-sell agreements to address deadlock among the owners. A shotgun buy-sell is an offer that sets only the price. It can be accepted as either an offer to buy out the other side or to sell to the other side at the price in... read more
Limited liability company statutes often require the unanimous approval of the members before actions may be taken outside the ordinary course of business or for any amendment of the Operating Agreement. The requirement for unanimous action creates a minority veto – any member can veto the actions of the... read more
Buy-sell agreements, like a shotgun sale triggered by a deadlock, are the principal means by which the owners of closely held businesses protect against the worst consequences of deadlock. Commonly used shotgun provisions allow one party to set the price and allow the other party to decided whether to... read more
Owners of a closely held business, be it a corporation, limited liability company or partnership, may enter into contracts that are triggered when the principals have become deadlocked. Anti-deadlock provisions may provide for the appointment of an independent director, for alternative dispute resolution, or for the compelled sale of... read more
Most limited liability company and partnership statutes make no mention of ‘deadlock’ as grounds to order the involuntary dissolution of a business. Deadlock arises when the members or partners are no longer able to pursue the basic agreements on which the business was organized, typically an operating agreement or... read more
Deadlock in a limited liability company or partnership occurs when the members can no longer pursue the purpose of the business as agreed in an operating agreement or partnership agreement. A ‘minority veto’ occurs when a minority member or partner uses the unanimity requirement to block the will of... read more
New York’s BCL requires at least 50 percent of shares to petition for dissolution based on deadlock, unless there has been a failure to elect directors. The fact that a shareholders agreement required the election of two deadlocked directors was not a basis to waive the statutory requirement. Parties... read more
Courts use their authority to appoint a custodian to take control of a closely held corporation as a remedy to deadlocked directors or shareholders. A showing of serious or irreparable harm is required before a court will intervene in a deadlock among shareholders or directors; more than dissension is... read more
Deadlock is more than an inability to make a decision. It is an inability to act under circumstances that present the real threat of harm to the business. Deadlock is triggered by the shareholders’ inability to elect directors. When there are no alternatives to prevent harm to the business,... read more
Deadlock is the inability of the owners of a business to make critical decisions, a paralysis of the management of closely held corporation, limited liability company or partnership. The inability to maintain normal operations is a characteristic of a deadlocked business. Courts will intervene to prevent harm to a... read more
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